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- silicate minerals
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- Silicates are minerals composed of the elements silicon (Si) and
- oxygen (O), alone or combined with other elements. Most minerals are
- silicates; more than 1,000 are known. Together, oxygen and silicon
- make up about 75 percent by weight of the crust, the Earth's outer
- shell. The crust, 10 to 70 km thick, is composed almost entirely of
- silicates. The surfaces of the Moon and of Mars, and probably the
- mantle zone within the Earth, are also composed of silicates. The most
- widely used construction materials--glass, ceramics, brick, concrete,
- and much building stone--consist entirely or mainly of silicates. Many
- highly prized gems, such as emerald, aquamarine, tourmaline, and
- topaz, as well as massive semiprecious stones such as agate, jasper,
- and chalcedony, are silicates.
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